Device for Collection of Debris

ABSTRACT

A device for collecting debris has a wheeled frame movable over a ground surface. An endless belt runs about a rear by roller and a forward support member on the frame such that an undersurface of a lower run of the belt engages the ground surface as the device traverses the ground surface. The belt is driven such that the lower run moves forwardly with respect to the speed of movement of the device over the ground surface. At the lower run of belt, debris on the ground surface passes through apertures in the belt to be deposited on the upper surface of the lower run, and is then transported on the belt to a collection receptacle carried by the device.

This invention relates to a device for collection of debris.

International patent applications PCT/AU90/00173, PCT/AU95/00629 andPCT/AU98/00001 describe mat-like devices for collecting debris fromvarious surfaces. Generally, the devices are in the form of mats thatare moved over the surface from which debris is to be collected, beingso designed that such debris is, in this process, caused to pass throughapertures in the mat to accumulate on the mat. These devices have provento be very satisfactory in a variety of applications, for exampleremoval of leaves or the like from tennis courts and removal of smallparts shed from aircraft and other debris left on airstrips.

The devices have the advantage that they are very simple. Particularly,they may be low-cost, and easily transportable to remote sites. Apossible disadvantage however is that the disposal of the collecteddebris may not be as simple as might be desired. Particularly, it isusually necessary at the completion of collection to physically up-endthe mat to cause the collected debris to be deposited at a convenientlocation. If the mat is relatively small, and the disposal location isnot too far remote, this may not present any particular burden. However,if the disposal location is remote, there is some risk that significantquantities of accumulated debris may be lost from the mat duringtransport to the disposal location. Also, it has appeared from practicalexperience in cleaning large areas, such as airport runways, that it maybe desirable in the interests of efficiency of collection to form themat of a larger size, such that manual up-ending to dispose of thecollected debris is more difficult.

According to the present invention there is provided a device forcollecting debris having a mat having apertures therein such that whenmoved over a ground surface in contact with the ground surface, debrison the ground surface passes through apertures in the mat to bedeposited on the mat, the mat being formed as an endless belt, meansbeing provided for supporting the belt so as to form a lower run of thebelt which in use of the device is moved over the ground surface, incontact therewith, to cause said debris to be passed through theapertures to be deposited on said belt at said lower run, means beingprovided for moving said belt so that the deposited debris is carried bythe belt and deposited at a collection location.

The belt may be arranged to run about end elements, so as to define anupper run above the lower run, the collection location being betweensaid upper and lower runs, collected debris in use of the device beingcarried by the belt to the upper run, to thence fall from the upper runto said collection location. The end elements may be formed by rollers.

In another form of the invention, the collection location is above theupper run, and means is provided for causing the belt in use of thedevice to be moved, from said lower run to an upper location from whichthe collected debris falls from the belt to said collection location.

The means for moving the belt may be formed by drive means for drivingthe belt at a speed dependent on the speed at which the device movesover the ground surface. For example, one said end element may becoupled for rotation at a speed dependent on the speed of rotation of aground wheel of the device which in use drivingly engages the groundsurface. Preferably, the driving is arranged such that in use, the lowerrun of the belt moves over the ground surface relatively forwardly withrespect to the device as it is moved over the ground surface.

The back may run around forward and rear members.

The forward and rear members may be rollers.

Alternatively, the forward member may be fixed.

The device may have adjustment means for lifting the lower run of thebelt to a predetermined height above the ground surface, for transportof the device.

The adjustment means may include an element which is movablypositionable to bear upwardly against an undersurface of an upper run ofsaid belt extending between the forward and rear members.

The adjustment means may include a first element adapted to movably bearagainst the upper surface of said lower run of the belt, extendingbetween said forward and rear members.

The adjustment means may include a second element which, when the beltis tensioned, bears against the upper surface of the lower run, at alocation spaced in the lengthwise direction from said first element.

The first and second elements may be rollers the first element beingpositioned at a rear location, and the second element being positionedat a relatively forward location. Means may be provided for inhibitingmovement of the belt when the device is transported over a groundsurface in a reverse direction.

One belt may have transversely extending barrier means for retainingdebris on the belt as it is moved on the belt from said lower run, andbefore reaching a location for said deposit.

In another form of the invention, the device means may be arranged fordriving the lower run of the belt at an operator selectable, or timedspeed relative to the frame.

The invention is further described by way of example only with referenceto the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a device constructed in accordancewith the invention;

FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side view of an alternative device constructed in accordancewith the invention, in a condition of use for collection of debris;

FIG. 5 is a front view like FIG. 4, but showing a condition of thedebris collection device for deposit of accumulated debris at a depositstation;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged lengthwise fragmentary cross-section of acollecting belt forming part of the debris collection device of FIGS. 1to 3;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged lengthwise fragmentary cross-section of acollecting belt forming part of the debris collection device of FIGS. 4and 5;

FIG. 8 is front top view of an alternative debris collection deviceconstructed in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 9 is a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 8.

The debris collecting device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a frame 12with forwardly and rearwardly disposed transverse members 14, 16 andopposed side members 18. Forward and rear rotatable drum-like rollers22, 24 are carried by axles 26, 28 mounted to the frame 12 by bearings30. A wide endless belt 32 is carried by the frame 12, being supportedby the forward and rear rollers 22, 24 so as to run around these. Bythis, the belt 32 presents a lower run 34 extending between the rollers22, 24 and an upper run 36 also extending between the rollers butparallel to and above run 34.

The frame 12 is supported by forward ground wheels 40 and rear groundwheels 48, there being one wheel 40 to either forward side of the frameand one wheel 48 to either side of the frame at the rear of the frame.These support the frame 12 so that it is at relatively short distanceabove a ground surface 50 over which the device 10 can travel. When theframe 12 is so positioned on the ground surface 50, portions of thelower run 34 contact the ground surface 50, as described later.

Rear roller 24 has at one side thereof a coaxial gear 60 which mesheswith a gear 62 coaxially mounted for rotation with one of the wheels 48.By this, as the device 10 is moved over ground surface 50, consequentrotation of that wheel 48 causes the drum-like roller 24 to be driven byinterengaging driving of the gear 60 from gear 62. Driving is arrangedsuch that the lower run 34 of the belt 32 is thus driven relativelyforwardly and the upper run moved relatively rearwardly with respect tothe forward movement of the frame 12 over the ground surfaces 50. Thespeed at which this driving occurs is dependent of course on the speedof rotation of the wheels 48 and thus the speed of traverse of thedevice over the ground surface 50, the gearing being arranged such thatthere is a relatively small speed differential as between the speed ofmovement of the device and the speed of movement of the lower run 34.

Referring to FIG. 6, belt 32 is formed from a number of transverselyextending relatively flexible portions 70, being relativelyimperforable. These are separated in the direction of movement of thebelt such that the space between adjacent pairs of portions 70 isessentially open. The adjacent pairs of portions 70 are held together bytransversely extending spacer members 74 each having forward and reartransverse portions 84, 86 connected respectively to opposed transverseedges of ones of a respective adjacent pair of the belt portions 70. Thetransverse portions 84, 86 are interconnected by lengthwise extendingportions 82 of the respective spacer member 74, there being ofrelatively small side-to-side width. The spacer members each definebetween the portions 82, 84 and 86 thereof a series of transverselyarranged apertures 76 (FIG. 1) in the belt 32. The portions 84 haveformed thereon transversely extending barrier means in the form oftransversely extending parts 87 which serve to help retain the collecteddebris as the belt moves.

FIG. 6 also illustrates in more detail the form of the portion 70. Inparticular, each is formed as a flexible sheet-like element 88 fromwhich depend bristles 90. The structure is similar to that described inInternational patent application no. WO96/09440 (PCT/AU95/00629), thecontents of which are hereby incorporated to form part of the disclosureof this application.

In use, as the lower run 34 of the belt 32 passes over the groundsurface 50, the bristles 90 thereof engage and agitate loose material onthe ground surface 50 and cause these to pass through the apertures 76between adjacent portions 70 of the belt such that these rest on theupper surface of portions 70. The mentioned, upstanding parts 87 inhibitdebris so collected from falling off the portions 70. As material is socollected, it is carried on belt 32 forwardly with respect to frame 12,around the forward roller 22, being retained in position by engagementof the portions 70 of the belt 32 with the periphery of the roller 22.Then, after passing rearwardly from the roller 22, the debris falls fromthe belt 32, at upper run 36, to be accumulated in a collectionreceptacle 100 positioned on the frame 12 immediately behind roller 22and below upper run 36.

The device 10 may be transported over a ground surface 50 in anyconvenient way. For example, FIG. 1 shows a chain 102 attached to theforward end of the frame 12 by which the device 10 may be coupled to avehicle so that it can be pulled over the ground surface 50.

The described device 10 has been found to be very effective in use,being adapted for ready picking up debris on the ground surface 50 andtransporting it to the receptacle 100. Material so collected may then beremoved from the device 10 by sidewardly moving the receptacle 100 sothat it is taken from the frame 12. Receptacle 100 may be made ofplastics or steel, for example. It may be formed so as to enable it tobe readily upended for deposit of debris at a suitable collectionlocation.

The receptacle 100 can be designed, as shown, with an upstandingperipheral wall of sufficient height that even driving the device 10substantial distances will not tend to cause substantial loss ofcollected debris therefrom.

The debris collection device 98 of FIGS. 4 and 5 is similar to thearrangement of FIGS. 1 to 3 and the following description is confined todifferences as between that arrangement and the arrangement of FIGS. 1to 3. Like reference numbers denote like components in FIGS. 1 to 3 andFIGS. 4 and 5. In particular, in this case, the frame 12 carries twoadditional rollers 104, 106. Roller 104 is positioned slightly above andto the rear of roller 22, such that the lower periphery thereof is atapproximately the same height as the upper part of the periphery ofroller 24. Roller 106 is disposed with its axis above and parallel tothat of roller 104 but is positioned above and again somewhat morerearwardly with respect to the location of roller 104. Belt 32 passesaround the lower portion of the periphery of roller 22 thence upwardlyat and rearwardly, to pass around the upper periphery of roller 106.Thence, the belt 32 passes forwardly and downwardly and thence around alower portion of the periphery of roller 104 to thence extend in a run36 back around roller 24 as in the case of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 to3. In this case, material deposited on the lower run 34 of the belt 32is transported upwardly from roller 22 around roller 106 to thence fallfrom the belt 32 at a location above and slightly to the rear of roller104. The falling material is collected in a receptacle 120 positioned,in this case, above the run 36. During transport of collected materialupwardly from roller 22 to roller 106, the collected material will tendto fall, but is captured by transversely extending barrier means in theform of transversely extending bucket sections 122 on the belt 32 (FIG.7). These are arranged at the rearward edges of belt portions 70, onforward transverse portions 84. They are upwardly open at the section ofthe belt 32 running between the rollers 22, 104 but downwardly open asthey pass from roller 106 to 104. The material collected in them thustends to fall from sections 122 as roller 106 is passed.

The receptacle 120 may be formed such that liquid delivered thereto isnot retained. For example, it may be formed from a liquid permeablematerial or it may be apertured for this purpose.

As shown, the receptacle 120 may be movably coupled at a rear portionthereof to the frame 12 so that it can be rotated about a transverseaxis at the rear of the receptacle for tipping material from thereceptacle 120 to deposit it at a location to the rear of the frame 12(FIG. 5).

In the described arrangements, the lower run of the belt 32 is movedforwardly with respect to frame 12 as the device moves over the groundsurface 50, and at a relative speed which is proportional to the speedof movement of the device 10 over the ground surface 50. It is nothowever essential that this be the case. For example, the gearing of thedevice 10 from the respective ground wheel 48 may be such that the lowerbelt run 34 moves rearwardly with respect to the frame 12, as the device10 is moved over the ground surface 50. In that case, collected debrisis moved rearwardly on the lower belt run 34, around roller 24 to bedeposited in the receptacle 100 by falling from the upper belt run 36.In this arrangement, the rear roller 24 may be configured to effectretention of the collected debris on the belt. For example, the rearroller 24 may have transverse fins, or other elements for the purpose oftrapping the collected debris on belt 32 so that the debris on the belt32 is transferred around roller 24 for deposit in the receptacle 100.

Further, instead of driving the belt 32 at a speed dependent on thespeed of traverse of the device 10 over the ground surface 50, it may bedriven at a fixed speed or at an operator selectable speed. Thus one ofthe rollers 22, 24 may be driven by a separate motor, such as a petrolmotor or hydraulic motor instead of being geared to one of the deviceground wheels 40, 48, and may be provided with operator operable controlmeans for varying the speed of rotation of the motor, and thus the speedof movement of belt 32 with respect to frame 12.

FIGS. 8 to 9 illustrate a further alternative debris collecting device200 constructed in accordance with the invention. A rear roller 224 ofthe device 200 is mounted for rotation on a transverse axle 228 mountedto a frame 212 of the device by bearings 230. Instead of a forwardroller, like roller 22, there is provided a fixed support member 222. Inthe form illustrated, support member 222 is part cylindrical,representing a section of a complete cylinder with an axially extendinghalf thereof absent. Support member 222 is arranged with its axistransverse to frame 212, and with its convex exterior surface facingforward. At its rear convex side, support member 222 defines a side toside extending space 235 therewithin.

A wide endless belt 232 is carried by the frame 212, being supported atthe rear of the frame by the roller 224 and at the forward end by the bysupport member 222, so as to run around these. By this, the belt 232presents a lower run 234 extending between support member 222 and roller224 and an upper run 236 also extending between support member 222 androller 224, but above, and generally parallel to run 234.

The belt 232 may be constructed in the same way as the belt 32previously described.

The frame 212 is supported by a single forward ground wheel 240 and rearground wheels 248. These ground wheels mounted to the frame 212 forrotation about transverse axes. The ground wheel 240 is carried by aforward sub-frame coupled to the main part 266 of the frame 212 forpivoting with respect to the main part of the frame about a forwardupright axis. Ground wheels 248 are positioned one to each side of theframe 212, being carried by a transverse axle 268 mounted to the mainpart 266 of frame 212. The ground wheels 248 are fixed to the axle 268,the axle being supported by bearings (not shown) carried by the frame,such that when wheels 248 rotates, axle 268 likewise rotates. The groundwheels 240, 248 support the frame 212 so that it is at relatively shortdistance above a ground surface over which the device 200 can travel.When the frame 212 is so positioned on a ground surface, portions of thelower run 234 contact the ground surface or are spaced a short distanceabove the ground surface.

A forwardly extending link 267 is pivotally mounted to sub-frame 264 forpivotal movement relative to the sub-frame about a horizontal axis. Aforward end of the link 267 carries a coupling 269 for connection to avehicle. When so coupled, the device 200 can be towed by the vehicleover a ground surface from which debris is to be collected. Collectionoccurs in the same manner as previously described with reference to thepreceding embodiments.

The rear roller axle 228 of the device 200 is connected at one side offrame 212 via a one way clutch 272 to a bevel gearbox 252. An outputdrive shaft 254 is connected to gearbox 252. Drive shaft 254 carries atan end remote from gearbox 252 a helical gear 256 which meshes with aspur gear 258 connected to axle 228 to which roller 224 is mounted. Bythis arrangement, as the device 200 is towed over a ground surface, theroller 224 is driven from axle 268, via clutch 272, gearbox 252, driveshaft 254, gears 256, 258 and axle 228, whereby to cause the belt 232 tobe driven. As with belt 32, driving again arranged such that the lowerrun 234 of the belt 232 is driven relatively forwardly and the upper runmoved relatively rearwardly with respect to the forward movement of theframe 212 over the ground surface. As described with reference to thepreceding embodiments, debris on the ground surface over which thedevice 212 passes is collected on belt 232, on the upper surface of therun 234. The debris is carried forwardly on the belt, passing on itaround the outer surface of member 222 until the upper rear edge 225 ofthe member 222 is reached, whereupon it falls to be collected in acollection receptacle 300 positioned therebelow on frame 212.

The device 212 has belt adjustment means 292 for adjusting the belt 232.Belt adjustment means 292 includes a hand ratchet-winch 293 and threetransversely extending rollers 294, 295, and 296, each of length aboutequal to the width of belt 232 and mounted for axial rotation at lowerends of respective pairs of support arms 297, one arm of each pair beingpositioned at each side of the frame 212. Roller 295 is positioned abovelower run 234 of belt 232, and at a relatively rearward position onframe 212, immediately in front of roller 224. The support arms 297which carry this roller are fixed to frame 212 so that axis of theroller 295 is located at a fixed position with respect to the frame. Theroller 296 is positioned above lower run 234 of belt 232, and at arelatively forward position on frame 212, immediately behind member 222.The support arms 297 that carry this roller are pivotally connected atupper ends thereof to the frame 212, so as to be pivotal about a side toside axis. The roller 294 is under upper run 236 of belt 232, above andsomewhat forwardly of roller 295. The support arms 297 that carry thisroller are pivotally connected at upper, forward, ends thereof to theframe 212, so as to be pivotal about a side to side axis.

The arms 297 carrying roller 294 are connected at locations adjacent theroller 294 to respective flexible lines 299. These lines pass upwardlyto side rollers 291 on the frame 212 and thence to winch 293, where theyare wound on a spool of the winch.

The device 200 is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 in a condition for use, withthe winch operated so as to unwind lines 299 somewhat from the winchspool. In this condition, the roller 294 is positioned below and out ofcontact with the upper run 236 of the belt 232, and the belt is nottensioned around the roller 224 and the member 222. Also, the lower run234 of the belt 232 is free to fall to the ground surface, so that theupper surface thereof is clear of roller 294. The roller 296 may thensimply pivot under gravity to engage the run 234, or it may pivot to alimit position at which it is somewhat above the run 234, as shown inFIG. 9.

Particularly, driving reversing, the belt is decoupled from beingdriven, for avoiding or limiting damage in case the belt has beenobstructed on contact with the ground surface or a fixed object.

When the device 200 is to be transported, winch 293 is operated to windmore of lines 299 onto the spool thereof, so shortening the runs ofthese lines to the links 297 which carry roller 294, and causing thosearms to pivot about the pivotal connections to the frame 212. By this,the roller 294 is moved upwardly against the underside of the upper run236 of belt 234, so lifting the lower run 234, so that this engages theroller 295, and also, the roller 296. Then, pursuant to tensioning ofbelt, the rear end of the lower run 234 is raised to the operativeheight of the lower run, at which it is spaced above the ground surfaceby a predetermined amount (for example about 150 mm). The forward end ofthe run 234 is also then brought into engagement with the upper surfaceof lower run 234. By adjustment of the lengths of lines 299 wound ontothe spool of the winch 293, the forward end of run 234 of belt 232 canbe lifted, against gravitational pull on roller 296 to a desiredposition. Such lifting occurs pursuant to rotation of the supportinglinks 297 in the clockwise direction as shown in FIG. 9. Then, the lowerrun 234 may be lifted clear of the ground surface to be a predeterminedheight above the ground surface.

The provision of the one way clutch 272 is helpful in that it permitsthe device 200 to be more readily moved in the reverse direction. Also,in case it is necessary to reverse the movement of the device 200 aftercollection of debris, debris remaining on the belt 232 is inhibited frombeing carried backwards on or from the lower belt run 234. Suchbackwards movement might for example cause undesirable spilling ofdebris from the belt 232.

The described arrangements have been advanced merely by way ofexplanation any many modifications may be made thereto without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention which includes every novelfeature and combination of novel features herein disclosed.

Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless thecontext requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, and variations such as“comprises” and “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusionof a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not theexclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and shouldnot be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that thatprior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia.

1. A device for collecting debris having a mat having apertures thereinsuch that when moved over a ground surface in contact with the groundsurface, debris on the ground surface passes through apertures in themat to be deposited on the mat, the mat being formed as an endless belt,means being provided for supporting the belt so as to form a lower runof the belt which in use of the device is moved over the ground surface,in contact therewith, to cause said debris to be passed through theapertures to be deposited on said belt at said lower run, means beingprovided for moving said belt so that the deposited debris is carried bythe belt and deposited at a collection location.
 2. A device as claimedin claim 1, wherein the belt is arranged to run about end elements, soas to define an upper run above the lower run, the collection locationbeing between said upper and lower runs, collected debris in use of thedevice being carried by the belt to the upper run, to thence fall fromthe upper run to said collection location.
 3. A device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the collection location is above the upper run, andmeans is provided for causing the belt in use of the device to be moved,from said lower run to an upper location from which the collected debrisfalls from the belt to said collection location.
 4. A device as claimedin claim 1, the means for moving the belt being formed by drive meansfor driving the belt at a speed dependent on the speed at which thedevice moves over the ground surface.
 5. A device as claimed in claim 4,wherein one said end element is coupled for rotation at a speeddependent on the speed of rotation of a ground wheel of the device whichin use drivingly engages the ground surface.
 6. A device as claimed inclaim 5, wherein the driving is arranged such that in use, the lower runof the belt moves over the ground surface relatively rearwardly withrespect to the device as it is moved over ground surface.
 7. A device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the means for moving the belt is formed by adrive means for moving the belt at a speed independent of the speed atwhich the device is transported over the ground surface.
 8. A device asclaimed in claim 5, wherein the driving is arranged such that in use,the lower run of the belt moves over the ground surface relativelyforwardly with respect to the device as it is moved over ground surface.9. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the belt runs around forwardand rear members.
 10. A device as claimed in claim 9 wherein the forwardand rear members are rollers.
 11. A device as claimed in claim 9 whereinthe forward member is fixed.
 12. A device as claimed in claim 9 havingadjustment means for lifting the lower run of the belt to apredetermined height above the ground surface, for transport of thedevice.
 13. A device as claimed in claim 12 wherein the adjustment meansincludes an element which is movably positionable to bear upwardlyagainst an undersurface of an upper run of said belt extending betweenthe forward and rear members.
 14. A device as claimed in claim 12wherein the adjustment means includes a first element adapted to movablybear against the upper surface of said lower run of the belt, extendingbetween said forward and rear members.
 15. A device as claimed in claim14 wherein the adjustment means includes a second element which, whenthe belt is tensioned, bears against the upper surface of the lower run,at a location spaced in the lengthwise direction from said firstelement.
 16. A device as claimed in claim 15 wherein the first andsecond elements are rollers, the first element being positioned at arear location, and the second element being positioned at a relativelyforward location.
 17. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein means isprovided for inhibiting movement of the belt when the device istransported over a ground surface in a reverse direction.
 18. A deviceas claimed in claim 1, wherein the belt has transversely extendingbarrier means for retaining debris on the belt as it is moved on thebelt from said lower run, and before reaching a location for saiddeposit.
 19. (canceled)